by the eyes

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

cālīgo ( call-), ĭnis, f. [root cal-, cover; cf.: oc-culo, clam, cella], a thick atmosphere, a mist, vapor, fog (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

suffundere caelum caligine,

Lucr. 6, 479; 6, 461; 6, 92:

(ignis) piceă crassus caligine,

Verg. G. 2, 309; cf. id. A. 9, 36; Liv. 29, 27, 7:

densa caligo occaecaverat diem,

id. 33, 7, 2; cf. Suet. Ner. 19:

fumidam a terră exhalari caliginem,

Plin. 2, 42, 42, § 111:

caligo aestuosa,

Col. 11, 2, 53 (for which, id. 11, 2, 57:

nebulosus aestus): pruinae et caligo,

id. 3, 2, 4; cf. Pall. Febr. 9, 2.—Also in plur.:

inter caligines,

Col. 3, 1, 7.—Hence,

Transf.

(Causa pro effectu.) Darkness, obscurity, gloom (produced by mist, fog, etc.; freq. with tenebrae;

class. in prose and poetry): mi ob oculos caligo obstitit, Plaut Mil. 2, 4, 51: cum altitudo caliginem oculis obfudisset,

i. e. had caused dizziness, Liv. 26, 45, 3:

erat in tantā calligine major usus aurium quam oculorum,

id. 22, 5, 3 Weissenb.: noctem insequentem eadem calligc obtinuit;

sole orto est discussa,

id. 29, 27, 7:

nox terram caligine texit,

Lucr. 6, 853; 5, 649:

caeca noctis,

id. 4, 457:

caecae umbra,

id. 3, 305; cf. Verg. A. 3, 203:

quam simul agnorunt inter caliginis umbras,

Ov. M. 4, 455:

ara obscurā caligine tecta,

Cic. Arat. 194.—With tenebrae, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44; Curt. 9, 4, 18; Lampr. Comm. 16.—In later writers also with a gen.:

caligo tenebrarum,

Quint. Decl. 18, 7; cf. Sen. Agam. 472 Heins.;

and inversely: tenebris illunae caliginis impeditus,

App. M. 9, p. 214.—

Trop.

In gen., mental blindness, dulness of perception:

quod videbam equidem, sed quasi per caliginem: praestrinxerat aciem animi D. Bruti salus,

Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 3; so id. Fin. 5, 15, 43: adhuc tamen [p. 270] per caliginem video, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8: caecā mentem caligine consitus, * Cat. 64, 207:

Augustus... omnibus omnium gentium viris magnitudine suā inducturus caliginem,

to throw into the shade, Vell. 2, 37, 1. —

Of dark, difficult circumstances, calamity, affliction, gloom:

vide nunc caliginem temporum illorum,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96:

superioris anni,

id. post Red. in Sen. 3, 5:

an qui etesiis, qui per cursum rectum regnum tenere non potuerunt, nunc caecis tenebris et caligine se Alexandriam perventuros arbitrati sunt?

id. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

illa omnis pecunia latuit in illā caligine ac tenebris, quae totam rem publicam tum occuparant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:

ecce illa tempestas, caligo bonorum, tenebrae rei publicae,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tantum caliginis, tantum perturbationis offusum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16:

quaedam scelerum offusa caligo,

Quint. 9, 3, 47.—

In medic. lang., as a disease of the eyes, dim-sightedness, weakness of the eyes, Cels. 6, 6, n. 32; Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 61; 20, 23, 95, § 254; 25, 13, 92, § 144; 32, 9, 31, § 97; 34, 11, 27, § 114; Scrib. Comp. 179.

cālīgo, āre, v. n. [1. caligo].

To emit vapor or steam, to steam, reek:

amnes aestate vaporatis, hieme frigidis nebulis caligent,

Col. 1, 5, 4:

aram tenui caligans vestiet umbrā,

Cic. Arat. 205 (449); cf.:

omnem quae nunc Mortalis hebetat visus tibi et umida circum Caligat, nubem eripiam,

Verg. A. 2, 606.—

Transf.

To be involved in darkness, to be dark, gloomy:

caligare oculos,

darkness covers the eyes, Lucr. 3, 157; Verg. G. 4, 468; Stat. Th. 1, 95. —

Poet.:

altae caligantesque fenestrae,

dizzy, Juv. 6, 31.—

Trop., of the understanding, to be blind, to be surrounded by darkness, to grope about:

orbatae caligant vela carinae,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 238:

caligare ad pervidendum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 1:

virtus inhorrescit ad subita, et caligabit, si, etc.,

id. Ep. 57, 4; Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. Decl. 18 fin.:

rex caligare alto in solio, nec pondera regni posse pati,

Sil. 14, 88.—Prov.:

caligare in sole,

to grope in broad daylight, Quint. 1, 2, 19.—

In medic. lang., of the eyes, to suffer from weakness, be weak, Cels. 6, 6, 32; Plin. 20, 22, 87, § 239; cf. id. 11, 37, 54, § 147.— Transf., of the person, to be dim-sighted:

caligans Thyestes,

Mart. 10, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 184.

conspectus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from conspicio.

conspectus, ūs, m. [conspicio], a seeing, looking at, a look, sight, view, the range or reach of sight, the power of sceing (freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: casurusne in conspectum videatur animus, an tanta sit ejus tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

quo longissime conspectum oculi ferebant,

Liv. 1, 18, 8:

obscuritas lucis Romanis non adimebat in omnis partes conspectum,

id. 37, 41, 3:

conspectu urbis frui,

Cic. Sull. 9, 26:

suorum,

id. Mur. 41, 89: sese dare in conspectum, Enn. Ann. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41:

dare se in conspectum alicui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86; cf.:

alicui in conspectum prodire,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 3:

prodire ad aliquem in conspectum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 84; id. Most. 5, 2, 33:

paene in conspectu exercitūs nostri,

before the eyes, Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

illam e conspectu amisi meo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 2:

venire in conspectum alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24; Nep. Con. 3, 3 al.:

fugere e conspectu alicujus,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 107; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

ex hominum conspectu morte decedere,

Nep. Timol. 1, 6:

fugare aliquem e conspectu,

Lucr. 3, 49:

conspectum fugere,

Ov. M. 2, 594.—

Pregn., public attention, notice:

subito consilium cepi ut ante quam luceret exirem, ne qui conspectus fieret aut sermo,

Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —

Meton.

Presence, proximity (very freq.; in many connections coinciding with the foregoing, as the phrase venire in conspectum can be translated to come before the eyes or to come near; so also e conspectu fugere, etc.).

Of persons:

etsi scio, eis fore meum conspectum invisum hodie,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 22:

(tibi) cujus prope in conspectu Aegyptus est,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5; so, in conspectu, in the presence or vicinity, before the eyes, before the face of, in sight, id. Agr. 1, 3, 7; Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.; Liv. 1, 31, 2; Verg. A. 1, 184.—

Of inanimate things:

quercus, quae est in oppidi conspectu,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

procul a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87: spectet patriam;

in conspectu legum libertatisque moriatur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170.—

Appearance (cf. adspectus;

very rare): videamus animi partis, quarum est conspectus inlustrior,

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48 Madv. ad loc.:

Hieronymus... primo statim aspectu omnia quam disparia essent ostendit,

i. e. at the first view the public had of him, Liv. 24, 5, 2; 6, 8, 6.—

Trop., the mental view, glance, survey, consideration (rare, but in good prose):

quae ponunt in conspectu animi, quae cernere et videre non possumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 161:

et cognitio naturae,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 61:

uno in conspectu omnia videre,

id. Brut. 4, 15; id. Leg. 3, 5, 12; Quint. 10, 1, 6; 7, 1, 4; Liv. 10, 25, 12:

ut ea ne in conspectu quidem relinquantur,

never come into consideration, are scarcely observed, Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93.—

In Gellius concr., like the Gr. sunopsis, a short view, sketch, synopsis, Gell. 17, 21, 2; 19, 10, 3.

paetus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.], having leering eyes, with a cast in the eyes, blinking or winking with the eyes, blinkeyed; esp. as an epithet of Venus, prettily leering, with a pretty cast in her eyes, prettily [p. 1290] blinking: paetus, muôps tois ommasin, Gloss. Philox.:

uni animalium homini depravantur oculi: unde Strabonum et Paetorum cognomina,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150;

Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. valgos, p. 375 Müll.: strabonem Appellat paetum pater,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 45.—Of Venus: non haec res de Venere paeta strabam facit? Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 684 P.:

si paeta est, Veneri similis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 659:

Minerva flavo lumine est, Venus paeto,

Auct. Priap. 37.

Paetus, i, m., a surname.

Q. Aelius Paetus, consul with M. Junius Pennus, A. U. C. 587.—

P. Aelius Paetus, an augur, Liv. 27, 36.—

L. Papirius Paetus, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 7; 2, 1, 12. To him are addressed the letters of Cicero, ad Fam. 9, 15-26.

paetus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.], having leering eyes, with a cast in the eyes, blinking or winking with the eyes, blinkeyed; esp. as an epithet of Venus, prettily leering, with a pretty cast in her eyes, prettily [p. 1290] blinking: paetus, muôps tois ommasin, Gloss. Philox.:

uni animalium homini depravantur oculi: unde Strabonum et Paetorum cognomina,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150;

Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. valgos, p. 375 Müll.: strabonem Appellat paetum pater,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 45.—Of Venus: non haec res de Venere paeta strabam facit? Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 684 P.:

si paeta est, Veneri similis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 659:

Minerva flavo lumine est, Venus paeto,

Auct. Priap. 37.

Paetus, i, m., a surname.

Q. Aelius Paetus, consul with M. Junius Pennus, A. U. C. 587.—

P. Aelius Paetus, an augur, Liv. 27, 36.—

L. Papirius Paetus, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 7; 2, 1, 12. To him are addressed the letters of Cicero, ad Fam. 9, 15-26.

* * *

ŏcŭlāris, e, adj. [oculus], of or belonging to the eyes, eye- (post-class.):

ocularis medicus,

an eye-doctor, oculist, Veg. Vet. 2, 17, 2.—

Subst.: ŏcŭlāre, is, n., a medicament for the eyes, eye-salve, Pelag. Vet. 30.— Adv.: ŏcŭlārĭter, with the eyes, ocularly (post class.):

oculariter intueri,

Sid. Ep. 7, 14 dub.

ŏcŭlāris, e, adj. [oculus], of or belonging to the eyes, eye- (post-class.):

ocularis medicus,

an eye-doctor, oculist, Veg. Vet. 2, 17, 2.—

Subst.: ŏcŭlāre, is, n., a medicament for the eyes, eye-salve, Pelag. Vet. 30.— Adv.: ŏcŭlārĭter, with the eyes, ocularly (post class.):

oculariter intueri,

Sid. Ep. 7, 14 dub.

ŏcŭlāris, e, adj. [oculus], of or belonging to the eyes, eye- (post-class.):

ocularis medicus,

an eye-doctor, oculist, Veg. Vet. 2, 17, 2.—

Subst.: ŏcŭlāre, is, n., a medicament for the eyes, eye-salve, Pelag. Vet. 30.— Adv.: ŏcŭlārĭter, with the eyes, ocularly (post class.):

oculariter intueri,

Sid. Ep. 7, 14 dub.

lūmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from lucmen, from the root luc; v. luceo], light.

Lit.: quasi lumen de suo lumine accendat, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Fragm. v. 388 Vahl.):

solis,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 91:

tabulas bene pictas conlocare in bono lumine,

id. Brut. 75, 261:

solare,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 37:

lumina solis,

the sunbeams, Lucr. 2, 162.—

Transf.

A light, a source of light, a lamp, torch:

lumine apposito,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

diurnum,

the morning-star, Lucr. 4, 455; Liv. 29, 25:

lumini oleum instillare,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 36:

luminibus accensis,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

multa lumina nocte tuli,

Tib. 1, 10 (9), 42.—

Brightness, splendor, gleam ( poet.):

ferri,

Stat. Th. 9, 802; Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 94.—

A bright color ( poet.): flaventia lumina calthae, Col. poët. 10, 97; 9, 4.—

Daylight, day ( poet.): si te secundo lumine hic offendero, Moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 302 Vahl.):

lumine quarto,

Verg. A. 6, 356; cf.: eos hostes, urbes agrosque eorum... lumine supero privetis, Vet. Form. ap. Macr. S. 3, 9, 11. —

The light of life, life ( poet.):

lumen linque,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 12:

lumine adempto,

Lucr. 3, 1033; Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 45.—

The light of the eye, the eye (mostly poet.):

luminibus amissis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

astantes lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres,

Verg. A. 3, 677:

fossis lumen abire genis, Ov P. 2, 8, 66: acuentes lumina rutae,

id. R. Am. 801:

lumina defixa tenere in gremio,

id. H 21, 113:

lumina flectere,

id. M. 5, 232: parcite luminibus, close or turn away the eyes, Tib. 1, 2, 33:

lumina sera dextra componere,

to close one's eyes, Val. Fl. 3, 279.—Fig.:

Romani imperii lumen,

Vell. 2, 52, 3:

reipublicae lumen et caput,

id. 2, 99, 1.—

The pupil of the eye, Veg. Vet. 2, 16.—

An opening through which light can penetrate, a light, Val. Fl. 1, 168; Vitr. 4, 6.— An airhole, air-shaft, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57.— A window:

stabula non egeant septentrionis luminibus,

Pall. 1, 21:

obserare lumina,

App. M. 2, p 125: altius aedes non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

immittere lumina,

to put in windows, Dig. 7, 1, 13.—

In plur., the light in a building:

ne quid altius exstruendo, aut arborem ponendo, lumina cujusquam obscuriora fiant,

Dig. 8, 2, 14:

cum M. Buculeius aedes L. Fufio venderet, in mancipio lumina, uti tum essent, ita recepit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179.—Hence, se luminibus ejus esse obstructurum, to obstruct the light by building, Cic. pro Dom. 44, 115.—

The opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel, Front. Aquaed. 27; 29; 36; 105.—

The light in pictures, in opp. to the shade:

invenit lumen atque umbras,

Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; Plin. Ep. 3, 13.—

Trop.

A light, i. e. a most distinguished person or thing, an ornament, glory, luminary:

clarissimis viris interfectis lumina civitatis exstincta sunt,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 24:

certis dicendi luminibus ornare orationem,

id. de Or. 2, 27, 119:

animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

probitatis et virtutis,

id. Lael. 8, 27: est corporis macula, naevus;

illi tamen hoc lumen videbatur,

i. e. a beautyspot, id. N. D. 1, 28, 79: luminibus alicujus obstruere or officere, to obscure one's glory or reputation, id. Brut. 17, 66.—

Light, clearness, perspicuity:

ordo est maxime, qui memoriae lumen affert,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

oratio adhibere lumen rebus debet,

id. ib. 3, 13, 50: nunc parvulos nobis dedit (natura) igniculos, quos celeriter... sic restinguimus, [p. 1085] ut nusquam naturae lumen adpareat, id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae,

id. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—

Merit, excellence, beauty of style:

Origines (Catonis) quod lumen eloquentiae non habent?

Cic. Brut. 17, 66;

so in the pun: Catonis luminibus obstruere,

id. ib.; cf. I. B. 7. 8. supra.—

Ornaments of style:

at sunt qui haec excitatoria lumina a componendis orationibus excludenda arbitrentur,

Quint. 12, 10, 49; 8, 5, 29:

orationis,

id. 8, 5, 34:

lumina sententiarum,

id. 9, 2, 202.

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. ( perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,

Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:

ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae,

for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592:

tecta ardentia,

id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201:

ardente domo,

Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.:

radii ardentes,

Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.):

caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121:

vis ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145:

Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse,

Liv. 22, 1:

rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus,

Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747:

arsurae comae,

Verg. A. 11, 77:

videbat quod rubus arderet,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—

Trop.

Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:

fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.:

oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens,

Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—

Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:

Tyrio ardebat murice laena,

Verg. A. 4, 262:

campi armis sublimibus ardent,

id. ib. 11, 602. —

In gen., of any passionate emotion [p. 156] or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).

With abl.:

quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno,

they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180:

In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant,

their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172:

ardere flagitio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1:

amore,

Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47:

iracundiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

curā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9:

dolore et irā,

Cic. Att. 2, 19:

cupiditate,

id. Pis. 24:

studio et amore,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2:

desiderio,

id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

podagrae doloribus,

to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94:

furore,

Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.:

cum arderet Syria bello,

Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—

Without an abl.:

ipse ardere videris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145:

omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant,

were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

Ardet,

Ov. M. 6, 609:

ultro implacabilis ardet,

Verg. A. 12, 3:

ardet in arma,

id. ib. 12, 71; so,

in caedem,

Tac. H. 1, 43.— Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing:

ruere ardet utroque,

Ov. M. 5, 166:

Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras,

Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror):

ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo,

Ov. M. 4, 62:

deus arsit in illā,

id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.:

laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 19):

arsit Virgine raptā,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1:

comptos arsit adulteri Crines,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 13:

delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt,

Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.

arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.— ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.

Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:

ardentissimum tempus,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123:

Austri ardentes,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 93:

quinta (zona) est ardentior illis,

hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46:

ardens Africa,

Luc. 9, 729.—

Trop.

Of the eyes:

oculi,

glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—

Of color:

ardentissimus color,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16:

apes ardentes auro,

glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—

Of wounds, burning, smarting:

ardenti morsu premere dolorem,

with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—

Of wine, strong, fiery:

ardentis Falerni Pocula,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.—

Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:

avaritia ardens,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:

mortem ardentiore studio petere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 61:

ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit,

id. Att. 14, 10 fin.:

ardentissimus dux,

Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2:

ardentissimus amor,

Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2:

studia,

Ov. M. 1, 199:

Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

furor,

ib. Isa. 30, 27:

miserere ardentis (sc. amore),

Ov. M. 14, 691.— Poet. with gen.:

ardens caedis,

Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse:

nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio,

Cic. Or. 38, 132:

verbum,

id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.):

nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

orator gravis, acer, ardens,

id. Or. 28, 99 al. — Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately:

ardenter aliquid cupere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:

ardentius sitire,

to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

ardentius diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7:

ardentius amare,

Suet. Calig. 25.— Sup.:

ardentissime diligere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

gĕna, ae, and more freq. gĕnae, ārum, f. [Sanscr. hanus, jaw; ganda, cheek; cf. Gr. genus; Germ. Kinn], lit., the upper part of the face, from the cheek-bones to the eyelids; hence, in gen., a cheek; plur., the cheeks (cf.: bucca, mala).

Lit.:

genae ab inferiore parte tutantur subjectae leniterque eminentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143; cf. Plin. 11, 37, 57, § 156 sqq.

Plur.:

ad haec omnia exprimenda in palpebris etiam et genis est quoddam deserviens iis ministerium,

Quint. 11, 3, 77; cf. Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 49:

ad genarum crassitudines et oculorum albugines,

id. 32, 9, 31, § 98: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23 fin.; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157; Fest. s. v. radere, p. 273 Müll.: lacrimae peredere humore exsangues genas, Poët. (perh. Pacuv.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26; cf.:

manat rara meas lacrima per genas,

Hor. C, 4, 1, 34:

lacrimis humectent ora genasque,

Lucr. 1, 920; cf. id. 2, 977; 3, 469:

pulchrae,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 8: nunc primum opacat flore lanugo genas, Pac. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 94 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 103 Rib.):

pilosae,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

erasae,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 26:

tum mihi prima genas vestibat flore juventa,

Verg. A. 8, 160:

leves,

Quint. 12, 10, 8:

confusa pudore sensi me totis erubuisse genis,

Ov. H. 21, 112; Vulg. Cant. 1, 9 al.—

Sing.: atque genua comprimit arta gena, i. e. presses (beseechingly) the cheek close to his knee, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 109 dub. (cf. Vahl. Enn. p. 176):

genam non leviter perstringere,

Suet. Claud. 15 fin.:

gena inferior, superior,

Plin. 11, 37, 57, § 156 (v. above).—

Transf.: genae (not in sing.).

In Ennius for palpebrae, the eyelids: genas Ennius palpebras putat, cum dicit hoc versu: Pandite sulti' genas et corde relinquite somnum, Paul. ex Fest. s. h. v. p. 94 Müll. (Ann. v. 521 Vahl.): imprimitque genae genam, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 686 (Trag. v. 436 Vahl.).—

The eye or eyes ( poet.):

exustaeque tuae mox, Polypheme, genae,

Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 26:

cornicum immeritas eruit ungue genas,

id. 4 (5), 5, 16; Ov. P. 2, 8, 66; id. H. 20, 206.—

The sockets of the eyes:

expilatque genis oculos,

Ov. M. 13, 562.

gĕna, ae, and more freq. gĕnae, ārum, f. [Sanscr. hanus, jaw; ganda, cheek; cf. Gr. genus; Germ. Kinn], lit., the upper part of the face, from the cheek-bones to the eyelids; hence, in gen., a cheek; plur., the cheeks (cf.: bucca, mala).

Lit.:

genae ab inferiore parte tutantur subjectae leniterque eminentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143; cf. Plin. 11, 37, 57, § 156 sqq.

Plur.:

ad haec omnia exprimenda in palpebris etiam et genis est quoddam deserviens iis ministerium,

Quint. 11, 3, 77; cf. Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 49:

ad genarum crassitudines et oculorum albugines,

id. 32, 9, 31, § 98: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23 fin.; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157; Fest. s. v. radere, p. 273 Müll.: lacrimae peredere humore exsangues genas, Poët. (perh. Pacuv.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26; cf.:

manat rara meas lacrima per genas,

Hor. C, 4, 1, 34:

lacrimis humectent ora genasque,

Lucr. 1, 920; cf. id. 2, 977; 3, 469:

pulchrae,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 8: nunc primum opacat flore lanugo genas, Pac. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 94 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 103 Rib.):

pilosae,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

erasae,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 26:

tum mihi prima genas vestibat flore juventa,

Verg. A. 8, 160:

leves,

Quint. 12, 10, 8:

confusa pudore sensi me totis erubuisse genis,

Ov. H. 21, 112; Vulg. Cant. 1, 9 al.—

Sing.: atque genua comprimit arta gena, i. e. presses (beseechingly) the cheek close to his knee, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 109 dub. (cf. Vahl. Enn. p. 176):

genam non leviter perstringere,

Suet. Claud. 15 fin.:

gena inferior, superior,

Plin. 11, 37, 57, § 156 (v. above).—

Transf.: genae (not in sing.).

In Ennius for palpebrae, the eyelids: genas Ennius palpebras putat, cum dicit hoc versu: Pandite sulti' genas et corde relinquite somnum, Paul. ex Fest. s. h. v. p. 94 Müll. (Ann. v. 521 Vahl.): imprimitque genae genam, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 686 (Trag. v. 436 Vahl.).—

The eye or eyes ( poet.):

exustaeque tuae mox, Polypheme, genae,

Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 26:

cornicum immeritas eruit ungue genas,

id. 4 (5), 5, 16; Ov. P. 2, 8, 66; id. H. 20, 206.—

The sockets of the eyes:

expilatque genis oculos,

Ov. M. 13, 562.

mĭco, ŭi ( pf. subj. micaverit, Sol. 53), 1, v. n. [Sanscr. mish-, to wink], to move quickly to and fro, to have a vibrating or tremulous motion, to quiver, shake, tremble, e. g. of the pulse; to beat, palpitate; to spring forth, of fountains; of the tremulous rays of the stars, to twinkle, sparkle, glitter, gleam, flash (class.).

In gen.:

venae et arteriae micare non desinunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24:

linguis micat ore trisulcis,

Verg. G. 3, 439:

gladii,

Liv. 6, 12, 9:

corque timore micat,

beats, palpitates, Ov. F. 3, 36:

nec audissem corde micante tubam,

for the beating, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

metu micuere sinus,

Ov. H. 1, 45:

et modo cervicem, modo crura micantia captat,

id. M. 9, 37:

noctuarum genus, quibus pluma aurium modo micat,

Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 117: semianimesque micant (culi (of a head cut off), twitch, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 396 (Ann. v. 463 Vahl.):

digiti (of a hand cut off),

Verg. A. 10, 396:

auribus (of a horse),

id. G. 3, 84:

micuere fontes,

spring forth, Luc. 4, 300:

citatus vulnere angusto micat (cruor),

Sen. Oedip. 345:

fulmina etiam sic undique micabant, ut peti viderentur corpora,

flashed in every direction, Liv. 40, 58, 5:

inter horrendos fragores micare ignes,

id. 21, 58, 5:

tum micent gladii,

id. 6, 12, 9:

eo ferocior inlatus hostis urgere scutis, micare gladiis,

id. 4, 37, 10.—

In partic.

To raise suddenly some of the fingers and let another instantly guess their number, which was practised both as a game of chance (called in Italy mora) and as a mode of deciding doubtful matters:

micare est sortiri digitis,

Non. 347, 27: micandum erit cum Graeco, utrum... an, Varr. ap. Non. 347, 30:

quid enim sors est? item propemodum, quod micare, quod talos jacere,

Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85:

quasi sorte, aut micando,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

patrem et filium pro vita rogantes sortiri vel micare jussisse,

Suet. Aug. 13.—Prov.:

dignus est, quicum in tenebris mices, said of a thoroughly honest man, since it would be easy to cheat in the dark,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77:

cum quo audacter posses in tenebris micare,

Petr. 44.—Also in contracts: RATIO DOCVIT, CONSVETVDINE MICANDI SVMMOTA, SVB EXAGIO POTIVS PECORA VENDERE, QVAM DIGITIS CONCLVDENTIBVS TRADERE, Edict. in Inscr. Orell. 3166.—

Poet. of the brilliancy of the stars, of the eyes, etc., to flash, gleam, beam, shine, be bright:

micat inter omnes Julium sidus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 46:

micat ignibus aether,

Verg. A. 1, 90. oculis micat ignis, fire flashes from his eyes, id. ib. 12, 102:

ex oculis micat acrius ardor,

Lucr. 3, 289:

micant ardorem orbes luminis,

Verg. Cul. 220:

genitor circum caput omne micantes Deposuit radios,

Ov. M. 2, 40:

celeri micuerunt nubila flamma,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 45.—Hence, mĭcans, antis, P. a., twinkling, sparkling, glittering, gleaming, flashing, glowing:

stella micans radiis Arcturus, Cic. Div. Poët. 2, 42, 110: micantes stellae,

Ov. M. 7, 100; Vulg. Job, 38, 31:

oculos circumtulit igne micantes,

Ov. M. 15, 674:

vultus,

Liv. 6, 13.— Comp.:

radius sole micantior,

Prud. Cath. 5, 44.

* * *

ardor, ōris, m. [ardeo], a flame, fire, heat, burning heat, lit. and trop.

Lit.:

solis ardor,

Lucr. 2, 212:

exortus est sol cum ardore,

Vulg. Jac. 1, 11:

ignium,

Lucr. 5, 587:

ignis,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 12:

flammarum,

Lucr. 5, 1093:

flammaï,

id. 5, 1099 al.:

visas ab occidente faces ardoremque caeli,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8:

ardor caelestis, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,

id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

ardore deflagrare,

id. Ac. 2, 37, 119:

ardores corporum in morbis,

Plin. 14, 16, 18, § 99:

Visitabo vos in egestate et ardore,

with burning fever, Vulg. Lev. 26, 16 al. —

Trop.

Of the flashing fire of the eyes, brightness, brilliancy:

fervescit et ex oculis micat acribus ardor,

and fire gleams forth from the keen eyes, Lucr. 3, 289:

ille imperatorius ardor oculorum,

Cic. Balb. 21, and id. N. D. 2, 42, 107.—Of the external appearance in gen.:

in te ardor voltuum atque motuum,

Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:

oris,

animation, Vell. 2, 35.—

Of the passions or feelings, heat, ardor, glow, impatience, eagerness, ardent desire:

Sive voluptas est sive est contrarius ardor, i. e. dolor,

some tormenting pain, Lucr. 3, 251:

cupiditatum ardore restincto,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 43:

ardor mentis ad gloriam,

id. Cael. 31:

quem ardorem studii censetis fuisse in Archimede, qui etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 50:

ardor animi non semper adest, isque cum consedit,

id. Brut. 24, 93:

vultus ardore animi micans,

Liv. 6, 13:

ardorem compescere,

Tac. Agr. 8; Liv. 8, 16. — Transf. from the combatants to the weapons:

tantus fuit ardor armorum,

Liv. 22, 5:

Ardorem cupiens dissimulare meum,

glowing love, Tib. 4, 12, 6; so Ov. M. 7, 76.— With obj. gen.:

at te ejusdem virginis ardor Perdiderat,

Ov. M. 9, 101; 9, 140; Hor. Epod. 11, 27 al.—And meton., the object of ardent affection, love, flame:

tu primus et ultimus illi Ardor eris,

Ov. M. 14, 683.

vĭdĕo, vīdi, vīsum, 2 (viden', i.e. videsne, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 37; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10; 2, 2, 34; 4, 6, 16; Cat. 61, 98; Tib. 2, 2, 17; Verg. A. 6, 779; inf. viderier, Cic. Dom. 53, 136; Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 33:

vidĕ,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 46), v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root vid-, vēda, know; vindāmi, find; cf. vēda-s, sacred book; Gr. root id, Wid-, in eidon, saw; oida, know; Germ. wissen; Engl. wit, wot], to see, perceive, with the eyes (syn. cerno).

Lit.

In gen.: Ph. Tun' me vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis. Ph. Carebis, credo, Qui plus vident, quam quod vident. Sc. Numquam hercle deterrebor, Quin viderim id quod viderim, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

clare oculis video,

id. ib. 3, 1, 35:

nos enim ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, quae videmus, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; id. de Or. 3, 40, 161:

Considium, quod non vidisset, pro viso sibi renuntiasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.:

mulieres et pueri qui visum processerant,

Sall. J. 94, 5:

ut juvat pastas oves Videre properantes domum! Videre fessos vomerem inversum boves Collo trahentes languido!

Hor. Epod. 2, 62 sq.:

serpentes atque videres Infernas errare canes,

id. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.—With ut and ind. (poët.):

viden', ut geminae stant vertice cristae?

Verg. A. 6, 779:

viden' ut faces Splendidas quatiunt comas?

Cat. 61, 77.—With ut and subj.:

nonne vides, ut tota tremor pertemptet equorum Corpora?

Verg. G. 3, 250:

nonne vides ut... Antennae gemant?

Hor. C. 1, 14, 3.— Pass.:

ubi sol sex mensibus continuis non videtur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4:

a se disertos visos esse multos,

Quint. 8, praef. § 13; cf. id. 12, 1, 21:

consulis ante pedes ire viderer eques,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 18.— Absol., to see, i. e. to have the eyes open, to be awake, Verg. E. 6, 21.— Impers. pass.: De. Vide sis modo etiam. Ly. Visum'st, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 52; id. As. 3, 3, 95.—

Transf.

Of things ( poet.), to see:

(Apenninus) Gallica rura videt,

Luc. 2, 429:

et casus abies visura marinos,

i. e. to experience, Verg. G. 2, 68.—

Of places, etc., to look out on, afford a view of (post-Aug.):

triclinium hortum et gestationem videt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 13.—

Of the other senses, to perceive, observe any thing:

vidistin' toto sonitus procurrere caelo?

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 49:

mugire videbis Sub pedibus terram et descendere montibus ornos,

Verg. A. 4, 490:

tum videres Stridere secretā divisos aure susurros,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 77:

naso poljam haec quidem videt plus quam oculis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 44.—

In partic., to see on purpose, to look at any thing:

vide sis signi quid siet,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 155; cf.:

vide, tali ubi sint,

id. Most. 1, 3, 151:

illud vide, os ut sibi distorsit carnufex,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 3:

vide, si non os inpudens Videtur,

id. ib. 5, 1, 23; cf.:

specta me, a threatening expression,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 19 al.: quin tu me vides? only look at me! i. e. see what I have done! Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Trop.

In gen., to see with the mind's eye, to perceive, mark, observe, discern, understand, comprehend, be aware, know, etc. (class.;

syn. percipio): ad te, ut video, comminus accessit,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

quem exitum ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae oculis cernimus,

id. Fam. 6, 3, 2:

aperte enim adulantem nemo non videt,

sees through, detects, id. Lael. 26, 99:

si dormientes aliquid animo videre videamur,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

aliquid in somnis,

id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

somnia,

id. Div. 2, 71, 147:

quod ego, cur nolim, nihil video,

id. Fam. 9, 6, 2:

nonne vobis videtur is animus qui plus cernat et longius, videre se ad meliora proficisci: ille autem cui obtusior est acies non videre?

id. Sen. 23, 83.—With comp., plus, etc.:

ut is qui illusus sit plus vidisse videatur,

to have seen farther, had more insight, Cic. Lael. 26, 99:

videre acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:

aliena melius videre et dijudicare,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 97 (95): cum me vidisse plus fateretur, se speravisse meliora, that I had seen farther, Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 39; cf.:

sin autem vos plus in re publicā vidistis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; cf.:

vos universos in consule deligendo plurimum vidisse fateantur,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 103:

di vatesque eorum in futurum vident,

Liv. 6, 12.—With two accs.:

quem virum Crassum vidimus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 61; cf.:

officiorum conjunctione me privatum videbam,

id. Brut. 1, 1:

cum invidiosum se propter nimias opes viderit,

Just. 32, 4, 4.—With ut and ind. (poët.):

nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores, India mittit ebur,

Verg. G. 1, 56.—

In partic.

To look at, look to, consider, to think or reflect upon (cf.:

reputo, considero): duae condiciones sunt: utram tu accipias, vide,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 118:

nunc ea videamus, quae contra ab his disputari solent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

id primum videamus, quātenus amor in amicitiā progredi debeat,

id. Lael. 11, 36:

sed videamus Herculem ipsum,

id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20 Klotz ad loc.:

quamobrem et haec videnda et pecuniae fugienda cupiditas,

id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

te moneo: videas etiam atque etiam et consideres, quid agas, quo progrediare, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

legi Bruti epistolam non prudenter rescriptam: sed ipse viderit,

let him see to that himself, id. Att. 12, 21, 1; so,

viderit,

Ov. A. A. 2, 371; id. Tr. 5, 2, 43; cf.:

quam id recte faciam, viderint sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10; and:

quae (ars) quam sit facilis, illi viderint, qui, etc.... deinde etiam tu ipse videris, qui eam artem facilem esse dicis,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

viderint ista officia viri boni,

id. Quint. 17, 55.—

To look out for, see to, care for, provide:

atque idem (sapiens) ita acrem in omnis partis aciem intendit, ut semper videat sedem sibi ac locum sine molestiā vivendi,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38:

antecesserat Statius, ut prandium nobis videret,

i. e. provide, id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

dulciculae potionis aliquid videamus et cibi,

id. Tusc. 3, 19, 46:

aliud lenius (vinum),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 50:

Philippum dixisse constabat, videndum sibi aliud esse consilium, illo senatu se rem publicam gerere non posse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 2:

absque eo esset, Recte ego mihi vidissem,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12.—

To take care, see to it, make sure, with final clause:

navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis,

Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; cf.:

videret, ut quam primum tota res transigeretur,

id. Quint. 5, 20:

ne fortuna mea desit, videte,

Liv. 6, 18, 8.— Impers. pass.:

videndum est, ne absit benignitas... tum, ut pro dignitate cuique tribuatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 42:

ut Latine loquamur, non solum videndum est ut verba efferamus ea, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 40; cf.:

vos videte, quid aliae faciant isto loco feminae: et ne, cum velitis, exire non liceat,

id. Fam. 14, 18, 2.—

To see, i. e. reach, attain, obtain, enjoy.

In gen.:

qui suo toto consulatu somnum non viderit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1.—

Esp., to see, live to see a period or event:

ex multis diebus, quos in vitā celeberrimos laetissimosque viderit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

utinam eum diem videam, cum, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 11, 1:

duxi uxorem: quam ibi miseriam vidi!

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 13:

spero multa vos liberosque vestros in re publicā bona esse visuros,

Cic. Mil. 28, 78:

multas jam summorum imperatorum clarissimas victorias aetas nostra vidit,

id. ib. 28, 77:

tantum pro! degeneramus a parentibus nostris, ut praeter quam oram illi Punicas vagari classes dedecus esse imperii sui duxerint, eam nos nunc plenam hostium jam factam videamus,

Liv. 22, 14, 6; cf. id. 6, 14, 4.—

Pregn., to see, i. e. go to see, visit (colloq.; cf.:

viso, inviso): sed Septimium vide et Laenatem,

Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1:

quā re etiam Othonem vide,

id. ib. 12, 37, 4:

videbis ergo hominem, si voles,

id. ib. 4, 12 init.:

mane videas Plinium domi,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 8; Suet. Tib. 7.— Pass., to receive attention, be visited, Amm. 14, 7, 10.—

Me vide, rely on me, trust me, believe me, a formula of exhortation and assurance (ante-class.), Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Mil. 2, 4, 23 Lorenz ad loc.; id. Rud. 3, 3, 18; id. Merc. 5, 4, 53; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; id. Phorm. 4, 4, 30.—

Pass., to be looked upon or regarded in any manner, i. e. to seem, appear to be or do any thing:

numquam periculi fugā committendum est, ut imbelles timidique videamur,

Cic. Off. 1, [p. 1989] 24, 83:

ne id, quod speciem haberet honesti, pugnaret cum eo, quod utile videretur,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7:

multo rem turpiorem fore et iniquiorem visum iri intellegebant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

ex quo illorum beata mors videtur, horum vita laudabilis,

id. Lael. 7, 23.—Parenthet. (cf. c. infra):

cum ceteris, ut quidem videor, tum mihi ipse displiceo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

ea vocabula non, ut videntur, easdem res significant,

id. ib. 3, 34, 84.—With dat. of pers.:

cetera, quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

digna mihi res cum omnium cognitione tum nostrā familiaritate visa est,

id. ib. 1, 4:

idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae, etc.,

id. ib.:

a naturā mihi videtur potius quam ab indigentiā orta amicitia,

id. ib. 8, 27:

quae Aristoni et Pyrrhoni omnino visa sunt pro nihilo,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 43:

quod idem Scipioni videbatur,

id. ib. 4, 14.—Parenthet. (cf. c. infra):

quam nostris libris satis diligenter, ut tibi quidem videmur, expressimus,

Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1:

Philargyrus omnia de te, ut mihi quidem visus est, narravit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3.—

With inf.:

de familiari illo tuo videor audisse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40; id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

satis facere rei publicae videmur, si, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 2:

ut beate vixisse videar, quia, etc.,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vitā tollunt,

id. ib. 13, 47:

videre jam videor populum a senatu disjunctum,

id. ib. 12, 41; cf.:

te vero, Caecili, quem ad modum sit elusurus, videre jam videor,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

vere videor posse contendere,

Nep. Att. 12, 4:

audire videor undique congerentes nomina poëtarum,

Quint. 10, 1, 56; Vell. 2, 14, 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 61 (69), 1; id. Pan. 17, 1.—With dat. of pers., Cic. Lael. 14, 51:

videor mihi perspicere ipsius animum,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5:

hoc mihi videor videre,

id. Inv. 2, 57, 171. —

With nom. and inf.:

ut exstinctae potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

quae (sapientia) videtur in hominem cadere posse,

id. ib. 26, 100: visus 'st in somnis pastor ad me adpellere, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44 B. and K.:

ut Aratus ab Jove incipiendum putat, ita nos rite coepturi ab Homero videmur,

Quint. 10, 1, 46.—With dat. of pers.:

divitior mihi et affluentior videtur esse vera amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58.—

Impers., with acc. and inf. (rare; cf.

creditur, in the same constr., and dicitur): non mihi videtur, ad beate vivendum satis posse virtutem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 12:

aliis videtur, non incohatam sed perfectam probationem hoc nomen accipere,

Quint. 5, 10, 5 Spald.:

quae vult videri, se esse prudentiam,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 71:

quia videbatur et Limnaeam eodem tempore oppugnari posse,

Liv. 36, 13, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Absol.:

sed mihi contra ea videtur,

Sall. J. 85, 2:

seque facile, ut mihi videtur, expediunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 66; id. Marcell. 3, 10.—

In official decisions, as a guarded opinion instead of a positive declaration:

majores nostri voluerunt, quae jurati judices cognovissent, ea non ut esse facta, sed ut videri pronuntiarent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 146:

fecisse videri pronuntiat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14:

cum pontifices decressent, videri posse sine religione eam partem areae mihi restitui,

id. Att. 4, 2, 3:

consul adjecit Senatusconsultum, Ambraciam non videri vi captam esse,

Liv. 38, 44, 6:

Scipionis sententiam sequuntur, uti ante certam diem Caesar exercitum dimittat: si non faciat, eum adversus rempublicam facturum videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2.—

Pregn., videtur (alicui), it seems proper, right, or fit, it seems good to any one; he ( she, etc.) pleases, likes.

With dat. of pers.:

tibi si videbitur, villis iis utere, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 7, 3:

velim Lentulum puerum visas eique de mancipiis, quae tibi videbitur, attribuas,

id. Att. 12, 28, 3:

qui imitamur, quos cuique visum est,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118:

ut consul, quem videretur ei, cum imperio mitteret, qui, etc.,

Liv. 31, 3, 2; 29, 20, 4: si ei videretur, integram rem ad senatum reiceret, if he pleased, a formula of politeness, Liv. 26, 16, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.;

31, 4, 2: ut, si videretur ei, maturaret venire,

id. 34, 46, 5.—

Without dat.:

ubi visum est, sub vesperum dispersi discedunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58: eam quoque, si videtur, correctionem explicabo, Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 35:

nunc, si videtur, hoc, illud alias,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23: M. Num non vis audire, etc.? A. Ut videtur, as you will, id. ib. 1, 32, 77:

si videatur,

Liv. 6, 25, 2; 26, 22, 7.

cō-nīvĕo (less correctly con-nī-vĕo; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.), nīvi (Cassius ap. Prisc. p. 866 P.; cf. Prob. II. p. 1482 ib.) or nixi (Turp. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P.;

perh. also connipsi, connipseram,

App. M. 11, p. 146 Hildebr. Min.), 2 (access. form of inf. conivĕre, Calvus ap. Prisc. l. l.), v. n. [niveo, kindr. with nico and nicto], to close or shut. *

In gen.:

cava ventris ac stomachi inanitate diutinā contrahuntur et conivent,

Gell. 16, 3, 3.—More freq.,

Esp., to close or shut the eyes (in sleep, from the light, from fear, etc.), to blink; or of the eyes, to close, shut, to half close when heavy with sleep (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: dum ego conixi somno, hic sibi prospexit vigilans virginem, Turp. l. l.; so Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117; Tac. A. 16, 5:

coniventes illi oculi abavi tui,

Cic. Har. Resp. 18, 38:

conivent solemque pavent agnoscere visu,

Sil. 7, 729; cf. Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 10:

ad tonitrua et fulgura,

Suet. Calig. 51:

contra conminationem aliquam (gladiatores),

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 144.—With acc. Gr.:

nam non conivi oculos ego deinde sopore, Cassius, l. l.: (oculis) somno coniventibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143; Col. 10, 259.—

Poet., transf., of the sun and moon, to be darkened, obscured, eclipsed, Lucr. 5, 776.—

Trop.

In gen., to be dull, drowsy, or languid:

certa sunt enim pleraque et nisi coniveamus, in oculos incurrunt,

Quint. 10, 3, 16:

multa nobis blandimenta natura ipsa genuit, quibus sopita virtus coniveret,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41:

animus atque mens viri prudentis in sollicitis numquam conivens, nusquam aciem suam flectens, etc.,

Gell. 13, 27, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 9.—

(Like our phrase to wink at.) To leave an error or crime unnoticed or uncensured, to overlook, connive at, wink at, etc.:

haec ipsa concedo: quibusdam etiam in rebus coniveo,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

pro di immortales! cur interdum in hominum sceleribus maxumis aut conivetis aut... poenas in diem reservetis?

id. Cael. 24, 59:

qui ob eam causam in tot tantisque sceleribus conivebant,

id. Har. Resp. 24, 52; id. Agr. 2, 28, 77;

Fragm. ap. Prob. II. p. 1482 P.: seditiosorum punitor acerrimus, conivebat in ceteris,

Suet. Caes. 67; Pers. 6, 50.

cō-nīvĕo (less correctly con-nī-vĕo; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.), nīvi (Cassius ap. Prisc. p. 866 P.; cf. Prob. II. p. 1482 ib.) or nixi (Turp. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P.;

perh. also connipsi, connipseram,

App. M. 11, p. 146 Hildebr. Min.), 2 (access. form of inf. conivĕre, Calvus ap. Prisc. l. l.), v. n. [niveo, kindr. with nico and nicto], to close or shut. *

In gen.:

cava ventris ac stomachi inanitate diutinā contrahuntur et conivent,

Gell. 16, 3, 3.—More freq.,

Esp., to close or shut the eyes (in sleep, from the light, from fear, etc.), to blink; or of the eyes, to close, shut, to half close when heavy with sleep (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: dum ego conixi somno, hic sibi prospexit vigilans virginem, Turp. l. l.; so Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117; Tac. A. 16, 5:

coniventes illi oculi abavi tui,

Cic. Har. Resp. 18, 38:

conivent solemque pavent agnoscere visu,

Sil. 7, 729; cf. Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 10:

ad tonitrua et fulgura,

Suet. Calig. 51:

contra conminationem aliquam (gladiatores),

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 144.—With acc. Gr.:

nam non conivi oculos ego deinde sopore, Cassius, l. l.: (oculis) somno coniventibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143; Col. 10, 259.—

Poet., transf., of the sun and moon, to be darkened, obscured, eclipsed, Lucr. 5, 776.—

Trop.

In gen., to be dull, drowsy, or languid:

certa sunt enim pleraque et nisi coniveamus, in oculos incurrunt,

Quint. 10, 3, 16:

multa nobis blandimenta natura ipsa genuit, quibus sopita virtus coniveret,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41:

animus atque mens viri prudentis in sollicitis numquam conivens, nusquam aciem suam flectens, etc.,

Gell. 13, 27, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 9.—

(Like our phrase to wink at.) To leave an error or crime unnoticed or uncensured, to overlook, connive at, wink at, etc.:

haec ipsa concedo: quibusdam etiam in rebus coniveo,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

pro di immortales! cur interdum in hominum sceleribus maxumis aut conivetis aut... poenas in diem reservetis?

id. Cael. 24, 59:

qui ob eam causam in tot tantisque sceleribus conivebant,

id. Har. Resp. 24, 52; id. Agr. 2, 28, 77;

Fragm. ap. Prob. II. p. 1482 P.: seditiosorum punitor acerrimus, conivebat in ceteris,

Suet. Caes. 67; Pers. 6, 50.